Concern & action: Rain and Drains (liquid moisture penetration)
Excess liquid moisture in fabric caused by rain and poor fabric condition (e.g. poor pointing, porous masonry, cracks), defective rain water goods, high ground levels, high water table, poor detailing (e.g. around windows, external wall insulation) or reduced ability of the fabric element to dry (due to reduced vapour openness or reduction of heat reaching the fabric).
Suggested actions
Before Implementation
Ensure property is in good state of repair prior to refurbishment. Commission a professional building surveyor (RICS) to investigate condition of fabric. If necessary repair any features that may reduce effectiveness of measure e.g. re-point wall, mend/replace downpipes, reduce ground levels and add drainage to ground around property. Careful surveying and detailing required at design stage to provide clear information with full installation details (e.g. of VCL layer if applicable).
During implementation
Ensure there is a robust delivery chain (design/supply/contractor/occupant) in place to be able to replicate the design details on site. Particularly necessary for insulation applications where mitigation of moisture risk may rely on intact VCL which should not be punctured i.e. by services, picture/shelf hanging or EWI where edge details maybe vulnerable to water penetration particularly in instances of rainwater goods failure. Ensure risks are understood by occupants. Provide targeted advice to occupants to keep a watchful eye on conditions (air quality, mould build up in bathrooms) and to seek advice if uncertain.
After implementation
After refurbishment, watch for signs of deterioration (leaky pipes, mortar loss, damp) around the building. Remember that prompts may be needed for users to check the state of repair at regular intervals. For significant and/or vulnerable fabric an early warning monitoring system measuring moisture content/relative humidity should be installed to provide regular checks on the moisture condition of fabric including an alarm system for prolonged periods in excess of 15% moisture content or 80% RH. Report results to add to knowledge about refurbishment measures (e.g. monitor wall fabric condition (heat and moisture behaviour). Reporting of results of this monitoring to wider interest groups.
RELATED MEASURES
FABRIC (13)
External Wall insulation
Internal Wall insulation
Frame infill insulation
Loft insulation
Rafter insulation
Flat roof insulation
Room in roof insulation
Floor insulation between/under floor joists
Floor Insulation on top of existing floor finish
Floor void filled with insulation
Exposed soffits to upper floors: Insulation in between joists or under soffit
Replacement of existing ground floor with new concrete insulated solid ground floor
BEHAVIOUR (1)
RELATED REFERENCES (8)
The Performance of Traditional Buildings: the SPAB Building Performance Survey 2013 (2013)
Rye, C, Scott C & Hubbard, D.
Breathability: The Key to Building Performance (2005)
May, N.
Guidelines to avoid mould growth in buildings, Advanced Buildings Energy Research, 3, pp. 221-236. (2009)
Altamirano-Medina H., Mumovic D., Davies M., Ridley I. and Oreszczyn T.
A Short Paper on the Conventions and Standards that govern the
understanding of moisture risk in traditional buildings. (2012)
Rye C and MayN
A Short Paper on Internal Wall Insulation (2012)
May N
Conversion of Traditional Buildings Part 2 - sections 3 Enviroment & 6 Energy (2007)
Ed. Dennis Urquhart, Historic Scotland
Early cavity walls (2012)
English Heritage